Since 2018, various islamist insurgence movements in the Sahel (eg. Macina Liberation Front in Mali, Al-Mourabitoun in Algeria, Burkina Faso, and Niger) have consolidated into larger organizations (e.g. Jama'at Nasr al-Islam wal-Muslimin (JNIM), Al Qeada in the Mahgreb (AQIM)) often under the umbrella of Al Qaeda. In 2022, JNIM was the fastest growing terror group on the planet.'